{"id":19913,"date":"2020-02-04T06:34:03","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T06:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/besthealth.guide\/?p=19913"},"modified":"2021-10-15T02:52:33","modified_gmt":"2021-10-15T02:52:33","slug":"15-facts-about-guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/besthealth.guide\/15-facts-about-guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs\/","title":{"rendered":"15 Facts About Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Guillain Barre Syndrome is a rare condition that causes a person\u2019s immune system to attack their peripheral nerves, resulting in partial loss of sensation, loss of movement, and even changes in cognitive ability and personality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guillain Barre Syndrome can be a frightening and shocking experience for patients, which in some cases puts them in a state of semi-paralysis and often lasts for the best part of a year. The condition can also be life-threatening, and it is highly important that those with Guillain Barre Syndrome are monitored and treated intensively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, although this condition is very frightening, it is also generally considered to be short-term and is not thought to leave lasting damage. Most people will recover from the condition fully, which is a huge testament to the power of the body and the nervous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this post, we will examine 14 facts about Guillain Barre Syndrome, and see what it can tell us about our miraculous brains and bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Guillain Barre Syndrome Destroys Myelin Sheaths<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In order to fully understand Guillain Barre Syndrome, it can be useful to consider the way the nervous system works. The nervous system includes the brain, the nerves that control our limbs, and our autonomic systems. The peripheral nervous system \u2013 the part that is affected by Guillain Barre Syndrome \u2013 is what controls our limbs and digits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you think about moving, that movement begins within your brain in the motor cortex. This template is then sent via nerves that run down the spine to the peripheral nervous system, including the hands, feet, torso, joints, and more. Those signals leap from nerve to nerve by traveling down their long tails called \u201caxons\u201d and then crossing the microscopic gaps called synapses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once the signal \u2013 which is a small electric charge called an action potential \u2013 reaches the muscles<\/a>, it causes them to contract. This contraction then shortens the muscle, pulling the join angle closer together and moving the limb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The role of the myelin sheaths is to protect and insulate these nerves, thereby allowing signals to travel more quickly and precisely. This is what is attached by the immune system in Guillain Barre Syndrome, resulting in loss of coordination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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2. Guillain Barre Syndrome Causes Vision Difficulties <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

While Guillain Barre Syndrome is mainly associated with loss of control over the limbs and torso, it also affects the body in many other less obvious ways. One example is that it can cause vision difficulties. This is because the eyes are of course controlled by tiny muscles which help to direct our attention, while also allowing us to focus by shrinking or growing the lenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When we have Guillain Barre Syndrome, we lose the ability to properly track these objects and vision can become blurry. This demonstrates just how important control over our muscles is, and just how important it is to look after the nervous system<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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3. Paresthesia<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Paresthesia is a term that describes the loss of input from the muscles and skin<\/a>. What many people don\u2019t realize is just how important the body is when it comes to understanding the world around us. In fact, the muscles are often referred to as \u201csensory organs\u201d as they have the ability to detect such things as gravity, g-force, angle, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is possible thanks to proprioceptors such as the muscle spindles. Muscle spindles help to detect changes in the length of the muscles, while the Golgi tendon organ helps to detect tension in the muscle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By using information from proprioceptors, the brain can create a mental map of the body and visualize where the limbs and torso are in space. This is then combined with information from the other senses in order to help us balance and move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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4. Molecular Mimicry\/Innocent Bystander Theory<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The precise mechanism of action regarding Guillain Barre Syndrome is not fully understood. However, what we do have are several different theories and potential explanations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most common is that molecules on some nerves appear very similar (chemically) to molecules found on harmful microorganisms. When the body becomes infected with these microorganisms, it essentially fools the body into believing that the nerves are that same harmful invader: they then begin to attack the myelin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Very often, Guillain Barre Syndrome is preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, which helps to explain this possibility. It may also be the case that the antibodies <\/a>are created to fight something called campylobacter jejuni \u2013 a bacterial infection that attacks axons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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5. The Body Usually Makes Miraculous Recoveries<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For someone experiencing the near-complete paralysis associated with Guillain Barre Syndrome, it may seem as though they will never recover. This is an extremely frightening experience for that person, and for their family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the good news is that the body will usually recover. This is thanks to something called neuroplasticity, which describes the nervous system (both central and peripheral<\/a>) as a constantly growing and changing organ \u2013 much like a muscle.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you use any connection between two nerves, that connection will strengthen. This causes the tendrils of the nerves (the dendrites) to reach closer to the axons of the input neurons. At the same time, further myelination will also occur, increasing the speed of transmissions and making it easier for us to use those connections in the future. This is how we learn motor skills and techniques \u2013 whether it\u2019s the perfect golf swing or a piano concerto. It\u2019s also how the body is able to fully recover from Guillain Barre Syndrome once the illness has been beaten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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6. The Body and Mind Are Closely Linked<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Many people are surprised to find that Guillain Barre Syndrome can also cause cognitive difficulties, making it more difficult for people to think clearly, and potentially leading to confusion, forgetfulness, and other similar conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One explanation for this may be the microglia. This is a type of neuron that is only now being fully understood. Its role is to identify dead brain cells and to escort them away from the brain. When the immune system turns on the body, it may also be true that the microglia become overactive in the brain \u2013 thereby destroying axons <\/a>and synapses that we actually need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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7. Other Conditions Can Linger<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Guillain Barre Syndrome usually comes in a matter of days or weeks, and where that is the case, recovery will likely be equally quick. However, it can take a long time for the individual to completely regain control and sensation in their bodies. The individual may struggle to relearn old movement patterns and might find they suffer from a muscular weakness for a time afterward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, what\u2019s also true is that Guillain Barre Syndrome can cause other conditions. For instance, one complication is acute motor axonal neuropathy, and another is acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy. Here, it is not just the myelin sheaths but also the axons (the tails of the neurons <\/a>that carry the signals) that are damaged. By damaging the actual brain cells in this way, Guillain Barre Syndrome is more likely to cause long term damage.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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8. Miller-Fisher Syndrome<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Miller-Fisher Syndrome a variant of Guillain Barre Syndrome that works slightly differently. This one is characterized by a loss of normal muscle coordination and impaired balance. This can make it difficult for the patient to walk. It may even cause complete paralysis <\/a>of the eye muscles. Reparatory failure is also common.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is just one alternative form of Guillain Barre Syndrome. There are actually several others, and understanding the differences is important to help with proper diagnosis and treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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9. Diagnosis<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Diagnosing Guillain Barre Syndrome can be a complex and difficult process. Usually, this will involve a thorough neurological <\/a>examination that may require a lumbar puncture. It will often also be necessary to test for such things as tendon reflexes. This tests the shortening reflex that happens whenever a muscle-tendon unit suddenly lengthens and is designed to help us avoid falling over. Should those reflexes be missing, it suggests at least some nerve damage has occurred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other tests that can be carried out include blood tests which can help to identify potential underlying causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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10. What Happens Next<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

While diagnosis <\/a>is important, it\u2019s also crucial that it does not delay treatment. It is important to begin treating Guillain Barre Syndrome as early as possible to maximize the chances of a full recovery.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Guillain Barre Syndrome is potentially life-threatening, patients will need to be hospitalized and monitored closely. Supportive care should ensure that breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure remain normal. If breathing is impaired, the patient will be placed on a ventilator. GBS patients should also be monitored for the full range of complications, which can include blood clots, heart attack, and low\/high blood pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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11. Embodied Cognition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Embodied cognition is another concept that describes the intimate link between the body and mind and how this could lead to a loss of cognitive <\/a>ability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essentially, this term describes the way in which we appear to think with our bodies. Whereas psychologists once believed there was such thing as a \u201cmentalese\u201d \u2013 a kind of base code of the human brain that all language and symbols must be translated into \u2013 it is now thought that the body and proprioception are what we use in order to understand concepts and relate to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In other words, when someone explains to you what happened to them last week, you understand this by visualizing those same things happening to yourself and by remembering those things. This happens automatically through close associations between the words and the senses. When someone talks about turning a key in the door, you almost feel your own hand turn and the vibration as the door clicks!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you lose awareness of your own body then, you lose a tool that is necessary for understanding the world around you fully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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12. Difficulty Speaking<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Another less obvious symptom of Guillain Barre Syndrome is difficulty speaking. As with loss of control over the eyes, this is due to loss of control and sensation in the muscles that are responsible for moving the mouth <\/a>and the voice box. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This makes it difficult to form letter sounds as you lose some of the control of your facial muscles \u2013 and this can be similar to what is witnessed in a patient suffering from a stroke. This is also why it is fairly common to see people who suffer from the condition express unusual facial ticks and positions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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13. Permanent Weakness<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

One of the unfortunate lingering side effects felt by some patients is a lingering weakness. This is not always the case, however, some people will feel that they do not have access to the same muscular strength that they previously did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certain measures can help patients to minimize this risk and potentially to mitigate the strength loss. Around 80% of patients will be able to walk independently after six months of the diagnosis. 60% will fully recover all motor strength after one year. 5-10 percent will have either a delayed or incomplete recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studies show that strength training interventions may be effective in helping to build strength. This is particularly true when focusing on those training methods that focus on the neural drive aspect of strength. That means the ability to recruit motor units during contractions and movements. This can be achieved using such exercise protocols as overcoming isometrics <\/a>in order to restore full function.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Good sleep, nutrition, and general care are also important for all these reasons to help the body fully recover from the condition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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14. Treatment<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Due to the autoimmune <\/a>nature of the disease \u2013 meaning that it is caused by the immune system \u2013 immunotherapy will very often be one of the main forms of treatment. This involves the use of plasma exchanges in order to remove antibodies from the blood. Intravenous immunoglobulin can also be useful. This is most useful if it is initiated 7-14 days following the appearance of initial symptoms, which is just one more reason that it is very important to act quickly when you first see it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Very often, Guillain Barre Syndrome will also require muscular rehabilitation to help patients to regain their normal senses, movement, and more. This can help them to regenerate the lost connections between the central and peripheral nervous system, in order to restore strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ultimately, the condition is self-limiting and will \u201ccure\u201d itself. However there is no known \u201ccure\u201d as such, and so the majority of the focus will be on care and helping the patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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15. Care<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Guillain Barre Syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition and so it will be necessary for patients to be hospitalized. They can there be monitored for potential signs of respiratory <\/a>difficulty, heart problems, or other serious complications. Often they will need to be placed on a ventilator, and this should continue until the most severe symptoms have gone. Due to difficulties with eating and swallowing, patients may also require intravenous delivery of nutrients, or help to eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is also important for Guillain Barre Syndrome patients to receive psychological support. This is an extremely frightening and unusual condition and one that many people will struggle to come to terms with. It is important in order to ensure the best outcomes once they begin to regain the strength necessary. While the body is capable of incredible recovery, it is also necessary that the patient be a willing participant and that they are able to contribute to their recovery by taking part in necessary rehabilitation and exercises as prescribed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\r\n

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